Epilepsy and inflammation in the brain: overview and pathophysiology.

نویسنده

  • Annamaria Vezzani
چکیده

The possibility that inflammatory processes in the brain contribute to the etiopathogenesis of seizures and the establishment of a chronic epileptic focus is increasingly recognized as a result of supportive evidence in experimental models and in the clinical setting. Prototypical inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1beta) and "danger signals" (such as HMGB1 and S100beta) are overexpressed in human and experimental epileptogenic tissue, prominently by glia. Neurons and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier contribute to inflammatory processes. All these cell types also express receptors for inflammatory mediators, suggesting that inflammatory molecules in the brain exert both autocrine and paracrine activation of intracellular signaling cascades; thus, they may act as soluble mediators of cell communication in diseased tissue. In experimental models, seizures also trigger brain inflammation in the absence of cell loss; in human epileptogenic tissue, the type of neuropathology associated with chronic seizures contributes to determine the type of cells expressing the inflammatory mediators, and the extent to which inflammation occurs. Inflammatory molecules, such as IL-1beta and HMGB1, have proconvulsant activity in various seizure models, most likely by decreasing seizure threshold via functional interactions with classical neurotransmitter systems. These findings reveal novel glioneuronal communications in epileptic tissue that highlight potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

O 2: Anti-Inflammatory Approach to Epilepsy Treatment

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases around the world and more significantly in Iran (0.4-1 % worldwide and 5% in Iran). Almost one-third of these patients suffer from treatment-resistant epilepsy, which reduces their quality of life by recurring epileptic onsets. There are different approaches for the treatment of both treatment-resistant and treatment-nonresistant epilepsy, ...

متن کامل

P 69: Effect of Serum Zinc Element in Epilepsy Paitaints

Epilepsy is a disorder categorized by recurrent seizures and leads to changes in neuronal death and neurogenesis. Recently the search for new targets in the therapy of epilepsy has focused on brain inflammation because brain inflammation and the associate blood brain barrier damage appears to be basic part of epilepsy pathophysiology-erythropoietin (EPO) regulates biological processes counting ...

متن کامل

P125: An Overview of the Effect of Inflammation Induced by Temporal Epilepsy on the Hippocampus and Amygdala Based on Nerve iImaging

Temporal epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that begins before adulthood. Two -way factors in causing epilepsy and continuing attacks can be inflammation that is caused by immune system and infection. The hippocampus and amygdala are part of a limbic system that relies on memory and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study was to review the effect of epileptic-induced inflammatio...

متن کامل

A Brief Overview of Epilepsy with Emphasis on Children

Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures over time. A seizure is a sudden change in the electrical and chemical activity in the brain. A single seizure that does not happen again is NOT epilepsy. Most children with epilepsy live a normal life. Certain types of childhood epilepsy go away or improve with age, usually in the late teens or 20s. Nearly 80% of people with ...

متن کامل

O 15: Limbic Encephalitis: General Aspects of Pathophysiology, Symptoms and Therapeutic Options

Patients with limbic encephalitis usually present with new onset mesial temporal lobe seizures, progressive memory disturbance, and a variety of other behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes. Autoimmune inflammation of the limbic gray matter structures of the human brain has recently been identified as major cause of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with interictal temporal epileptiform activ...

متن کامل

Newest Targets for Anticonvulsant Agents: An Overview

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures influencing about 1% of the worldwide population. Despite much progress in understanding the pathogenesis of epilepsy, the molecular basis of human epilepsy still remains unclear. Common approaches for pharmacotherapy of epilepsy are still directed towards controlling the symptoms and suppression of seizures. Clinical use ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Epilepsy currents

دوره 14 1 Suppl  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2014